After this sensational, rousing concert, the most popular event of the year for the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, the entire Austrian media were unanimous: this was a one-of-a-kind sensation. Broadcast in 25 countries and reaching a potential viewership of a billion viewers and listeners, the concert carried the spirit of Vienna and its most popular son, Johann Strauss Jr., across the entire world. While the waltzes of Johann and Joseph Strauss (as well as an overture by Otto Nicolai) were certainly one reason for the concert’s enormous success, it could not have reached this level of peerlessness without Carlos Kleiber. Known rather as an introspective musician, Kleiber proved in the 1989 New Year’s Concert that he was a master of the light and bubbly as well. All of the works – from the Pizzicato Polka and the Tritsch-Tratsch Polka to the Blue Danube waltz and the Radetzky March – were played with such brilliance, virtuosity and overflowing good spirits that one Vienna daily titled the event “a miracle in 3/4 time.”
The Transformation of the World into Music – Werner Herzog in Bayreuth.
Orff, Carmina Burana
The “Carmina Burana” is a manuscript collection of medieval songs which was discovered at the Bavarian monastery of Benediktbeuren in the 19th century. The songs glorify the secular aspects of life as a counterweight to the menaces of plague, war, terror and the Inquisition. The texts radiate the ribald, robust love of life shared by all social classes – nobility, clergy and peasantry. The premiere of “Carmina Burana” in Frankfurt/Main on 8 June 1937 caused an absolute sensation. It seemed as though Orff had reduced music to its most basic elements of rhythm and melody. He utilized the simplest harmonies and eliminated virtually all counterpoint and polyphony. Called a “scenic cantata” by Orff, the work was intended to be danced and staged. Horant Hohlfeld’s production enhances Orff’s music with its sensuality and primeval energy.
Prokofiev, Peter und der Wolf (Symphonic Fairy Tale for Children)
Loriot, alias Vicco von Bülow, is one of Germany’s most popular and beloved humorists. He delights in unmasking the foibles of everyday life in many animated shorts, cartoons and stories. With the orchestra of the Deutsche Oper Berlin conducted by Marcello Viotti, Loriot gives a as memorable performance as an avuncular narrator. Moreover, Loriot has slightly revised the original text to make it even more appealing to children of today.
Liszt, A Faust Symphony
Liszt had discovered Goethe’s Faust in a French translation just before the premiere of Berlioz’s Symphonie fantastique, and it was Berlioz who drew his attention to it. Though he initially contemplated writing an opera on this topic, he ultimately decided on a symphonic work which he called “A Faust Symphony in Three Character Pictures” which evoke Faust, Marguerite and Mephistopheles. His goal was to create psychological portraits that capture the character from within and, through recurring motifs and melodies, show that the three figures are interconnected. The work was premiered in Weimar on 5 September 1857 under the direction of the composer. In this performance, Leonard Bernstein conducts the Boston Symphony Orchestra and tenor Kenneth Riegel at Boston’s Symphony Hall.
Die Schöpfung (The Creation) Hob.XXI:2
Haydn began writing the oratorio “Die Schöpfung” (The Creation) in 1795; it was given its first performance at the palace of Prince Schwarzenberg in Vienna in 1798. Haydn’s life’s work reached its climax and its conclusion in The Creation and in the oratorio The Seasons, written in 1801. Shortly before his death in 1808, Haydn attended another gala performance of The Creation which was received by the audience with wild enthusiasm. Leonard Bernstein’s recording of this work was made at the Benedictine Abbey of Ottobeuren in 1986 with the chorus and Symphony Orchestra of the Bavarian Radio with soloists Judith Blegen, Thomas Moser, Kurt Moll, Lucia Popp and Kurt Ollmann. Bernstein himself said of The Creation: “In the beginning of this awesome musical version, Haydn created one of the supreme music dramatizations of all time: the depiction of chaos, as he entitled it – that pre-terrestrial chaos depicted in Genesis by the single line: ‘And the Earth was without form, and void; and darkness was on the face of the Deep’. This musical depiction is of a beauty almost frightening in its chromatic and dissonant texture – something outside of Time, and certainly outside of the 1790s, when it was written. … Haydn’s The Creation gives us time to remember – and rejoice in – the purity and grace and fortitude of Nature, to saunter blissfully through that Garden of Gardens along with Adam and Eve; to restore our souls, to recover our moral strength, and to rediscover our power to praise.”
Monteverdi, Vespro della Beata Vergine (Vespers of the Blessed Virgin)
Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643) contributed more to the music of his time than any other composer: he perfected the art of the madrigal, gave decisive impulses to the young genre of the opera by his imaginative use of descriptive and dramatic effects and by giving each figure an individual character, and introduced the expressive language of secular music into the rigid sacred music of his time. In his “Marian Vespers,” composed in Mantua in 1610, Monteverdi combined elements from the traditional church music style with the new “stile concertato” and polychoral forms, but also boldly made use of Gregorian chant. Whether for solo voice and continuo, for chorus a cappella or for the mighty forces of the chorus and orchestra – Monteverdi cast each single piece in the Marian Vespers in its own mould, thereby obtaining an expressive diversity within a stylistically unified framework. Nikolaus Harnoncourt and the Concentus musicus are the ideal interpreters of Monteverdi’s music. Their year-long specialization in the field of early music and original performance practice guarantees an authoritative and gripping interpretation. The concert was recorded at the Baroque Cathedral of Graz, Austria, in 1986.
Macbeth
With its relentless dramatic continuum, Macbeth, Verdi’s early masterpiece and his tenth opera (premiered in Florence on 14 March 1847) rescued the composer from a creative crisis. In Macbeth Verdi created a successful synthesis of music and drama on which he was to guide himself from now on. Director Claude d’Anna and conductor Riccardo Chailly chose the version which Verdi prepared for Paris and was premiered there on 21 April 1865. As to the apparitions and supernatural aspects of the work, d’Anna says that he always “tried to find theatrical rather than cinematic solutions. … Solutions had to result from the work’s own symbolic logic, not simply from technology.”
Schubert, My Dream – Schubert’s “Great” C major symphony as a film by Norbert Beilharz
We see Nikolaus Harnoncourt conducting Franz Schubert’s Symphony No. 9 (The Great C-major Symphony) in Vienna’s Musikvereinssaal. Filming him is Norbert Beilharz. But what he is filming are also the thoughts which listening to the music arouses in him. Beilharz has atempted to transform the symphony into images. To emphasize the subjective nature of his vision, Beilharz conjures up an old man who, while attending the concert, is overtaken by memories. Schubert’s music evokes in him moments of joy and sadness, happiness and desperation, love and pain – all as changeable as the seasons. Harnoncourt, the member of the audience and his memories are woven into a triangle with such a dramatic tension that even Harnoncourt’s gestures seem to be in interplay with the old man’s images of the past. “My Dream” is the device which appears at the beginning of a story written in 1822 and attributed to Franz Schubert. In 1839, a signed manuscript was given to Robert Schumann by Franz’s brother Ferdinand Schubert. Norbert Beilharz chose the device to be the title of his filmed essay on Schubert’s Symphony No. 9 in C major.
La Fille Mal Gardée (The Unchaperoned Daughter)
Premiered in Bordeaux two weeks before the storming of the Bastille, “La fille mal gardée” is the only classic 18th-century ballet still in the repertoire today. Critics found that the naturalness, sensitivity and humor of Heinz Spoerli’s 1981 staging make it superior to the benchmark staging by Sir Frederick Ashton, who brought the work back to life and worldwide fame in 1960.