“Lohengrin” was premiered in Weimar in 1850 under the direction of Franz Liszt. The performance was a triumph for the composer, who, however, was unable to attend: he had been exiled for taking part in the 1848 uprisings in Dresden. Director Götz Friedrich took this historical background into account by having the radiant knight appear at the end dressed in black – a symbol for the dashed hopes of the German revolutionaries. The political message, however, generally pales before the aesthetic power of the images which depict the Middle Ages in a totally abstract manner. As Lohengrin, Peter Hofmann gives a performance that is dazzling in every gesture and every tone. Karan Armstrong replies with a very lyrical timbre and applies expressionistic means to convey sorrow, wonder and the bitterness of leave- taking. This production by Götz Friedrich was recorded at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus in 1982.
Götterdämmerung
Unitel recorded Alfred Kirchner’s production of Wagner’s “Götterdämmerung”, with sets and costumes by Rosalie, in 1997, the fourth year in which it was shown. The production drew chiefly positive reactions from the press, even eliciting an audacious “stupendous” from the staid Vienna daily “Der Standard”. Unanimously lauded was James Levine’s musical direction. In its review of the 1994 premiere, Germany’s leading daily “Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung” underscored the superb orchestral playing and topped its encomium by adding that Levine “communicated to the Festival Orchestra the quality of tone which Wagner himself must have had in mind when speaking of ‘his’ orchestra…” In light of the superb music-making on and under the stage, most reviewers welcomed the rather Spartan goings-on among the gods and mortals in Rosalie’s outfits. On the whole, critics felt that the production adapted itself subtly to Levine’s epic musical concept. Kirchner presents a relatively straightforward depiction of the legend and lets the singers deploy their glorious instruments under the sensitive hands of James Levine. The production won over more and more theater-goers in the following two years, and in 1996 Vienna’s “Standard” was able to write: “After Siegfried, the audience … leapt up from their seats in jubilation, giving way to total ecstasy at the appearance of the conductor James Levine. No conductor has been so tempestuously acclaimed in Bayreuth since the days of Hans Knappertsbusch and Karl Böhm.”
Tristan und Isolde
The premiere of this Tristan production at the 1993 Bayreuth Festival was greeted with “that mixture of enthusiastic approbation and predictable condemnation” (Wolfgang Wagner) which is the usual indicator of success in Bayreuth. Conducted by Daniel Barenboim with fire and sensitivity, the production was staged by the late German dramatist Heiner Müller. The sets were designed by Müller’s longtime associate Erich Wonder, and the costumes by Japanese couturier Yohji Yamamoto. Siegfried Jerusalem as Tristan and Waltraud Meier as Isolde have consistently drawn enthusiastic acclaim for their performances, not only in the year of the premiere, but in subsequent years as well. Müller and Wonder have compressed the monumental story into a clear and fascinating geometry of love. Wonder created highly evocative spaces through projections of colors and forms which shift according to the mood. One widely noted example of Müller’s elegant, restrained interpretation, in which small gestures replace sweeping displays of passion, is the famous love duet, in which Tristan and Isolde, instead of embracing rapturously, stand back to back and side by side and touch, ever so lightly, only the tips of their fingers.