Born in Geneva on July 24, 1880, Ernest Bloch left his native Switzerland in 1917 and emigrated to the United States. He left an impressive amount of high-quality works. Among his many symphonic pieces, however, only the cello rhapsody Schelomo (1915/16) has acquired a permanent place in the concert repertoire. He had apparently been inspired to write it when he saw a statue of King Solomon made by the wife of a fellow cellist in Switzerland. He wrote that “it is the Jewish soul that interests me, the complex, glowing, agitated soul that I feel vibrating throughout the Bible; the freshness and naiveté of the Patriarchs; the violence that is evident in the prophetic books; the Jew’s savage love of justice; the despair of the preacher of Jerusalem; the sorrow and the immensity of the Book of Job; the sensuality of the Song of Songs.” Although Bloch did not use any authentic Hebrew material in his “Hebrew Rhapsody”, the listener is immediately ushered into an exotic, archaic world in which the ancient prophets, the Scriptures and the construction of the Temple are virtually palpable. There is a sense of timelessness that is the expression of true art. The recording of Bloch’s Schelomo features the great Mstislav Rostropovich as the soloist, with the Orchestre National de France led by Leonard Bernstein.
Sousa, The Stars and Stripes Forever
Gershwin, Rhapsody in Blue
Leonard Bernstein (1918-1990) and George Gershwin (1898-1937), two musicians inseparably linked with America, form an exuberant and stimulating combination in this program with the New York Philharmonic. Gershwin was one of the American composers Bernstein revered the most and one who, along with Mahler, Copland and Blitzstein, exerted a great influence on him as a composer. This performance with the New York Philharmonic and Leonard Bernstein as soloist and conductor was
recorded at the Jahrhunderthalle in Hoechst, Germany, in 1976.
Bernstein, Overture to “Candide”
Written in 1955/56 in collaboration with famed author Lillian Hellman, the musical comedy “Candide” (based loosely on Voltaire’s story) consists of nearly two hours of music and more than thirty different numbers including solos, ensembles, choruses and purely orchestral music. While Bernstein described it as a “Valentine card to European music,” it struck others as derisive of European opera and operetta. After the premiere, Variety wrote: “It’s a spectacular, opulent and racy musical, verging on operetta. It’s replete with eye-filling costumes, lavish settings, a big cast and fine musical score.” It was with the New York Philharmonic that Bernstein first conducted a full orchestra version of his “Candide Overture” in late 1956/early 1957. The critic Harold Schonberg described it as “a smart, sophisticated little piece.” It soon became Bernstein’s most popular concert work. This performance with the New York Philharmonic under the maestro and composer was recorded at London’s Royal Albert Hall in 1976.
Die Entführung aus dem Serail
Mozart composed his Singspiel “Die Entführung aus dem Serail” in 1781, encouraged by no one less than the Austrian emperor Joseph II in order to emphasise the importance of this “national” form of music theatre as opposed to the Italian opera. It was a great success during Mozart’s lifetime and has until today lost none of its magic. In 1976 the Deutsche Oper Berlin presented a new stage direction, after Gustav Rudolf Sellner’s had been played there for many years, by the renowned Günther Rennert. Besides widely known soloists like Horst Laubenthal and Zdzislawa Donat, or the actor Hans Peter Hallwachs as Selim, the star of the evening was undoubtedly the Finnish multi-talented bass Martti Talvela. The premiere in December 1976 was recorded live and broadcast on ZDF (Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen).
Tosca
Filmed in the authentic Roman locations specified in the score, this “Tosca” absolutely pulsates with tension and excitement. The first act was shot in the splendid Baroque church of Sant’Andrea della Valle. The second act was filmed in papal apartments in the Castel Sant’Angelo resembling those in the Palazzo Farnese, which is now the French Embassy and off- limits to film teams. The final act was filmed on the banks of the Tiber and on the ramparts of the ancient Castel Sant’Angelo. Raina Kabaivanska is a memorable Tosca, restless, jealously provocative and powerfully determined. With Plácido Domingo’s heroically passionate portrayal of Cavaradossi and Sherrill Milnes’ ruthless and eruptively sensual Scarpia, this “Tosca” is a winner.
Schumann, Cello Concerto in A minor, op.129
Recorded at the Théâtre des Champs-Elysées in Paris in November 1976, Schumann’s Cello Concerto marked the high point of a concert given by the Orchestre National de France under Leonard Bernstein. The soloist was Mstislav Rostropovich, the leading cellist of our time and a talented conductor as well.
Wagner, Overture to “Tannhäuser”
Sir Georg Solti (1912-1997), one of the greatest conductors of the 20th century, was a testament to the elegance and impeccable tastefulness of Central European music-making. Born in Budapest in 1912, he studied with Béla Bartók, Ernö von Dohnányi, Zoltán Kodály and Leo Weiner. In 1937, Toscanini chose him to be his assistant at the Salzburg Festival. After the war, Solti was appointed Music Director of the Bavarian State Opera. Further stations in his career were the Frankfurt Opera, the Royal Opera House Covent Garden and the London Philharmonic. His remarkable partnership with the Chicago Symphony began in 1954; he was named Music Director in 1969 and held this post for a phenomenal 22 years. He is credited with greatly extending and enhancing the orchestra’s worldwide reputation. Solti died in September 1997, just before his 85th birthday. This recording with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra was made in 1976 at the Orchestra Hall in Chicago.
Berlioz, Symphonie fantastique, op.14
In November 1976, one year after his triumphal performance of the Berlioz Requiem in September 1975 (also recorded by Unitel), a bearded Leonard Bernstein returned to Paris to conduct the Orchestre National de France. In two highly publicized concerts given at Paris’ Théâtre des Champs-Elysées, he conducted Berlioz’s “Symphonie Fantastique” and “Harold in Italy”, in addition to two works by Darius Milhaud, Bloch’s “Schelomo Rhapsody” and Schumann’s Cello Concerto, the latter two featuring the celebrated cellist Mstislav Rostropovich. The concerts were unanimously hailed in the press, both for the dynamism and brio of a conductor at the peak of his artistic powers, and for the unmistakable signs of rejuvenation of the Orchestre National de France.
Harris, Symphony No.3
American composer Roy Harris (1898-1979) wrote his Third Symphony in the late 1930s. When it was first performed in 1939, it was judged by many to be the most important symphonic work ever produced in the U.S. Some saw in it a reflection of the American West, of the vast horizons and open landscapes that have so little in common with the more European-flavored American music of the East coast establishment. Leonard Bernstein was one of the first musicians to hail the work as a great stroke of genius and, reviewing the first performance in February 1939 by the Boston Symphony Orchestra under Serge Koussevitzky, he wrote in “Modern Music” that the symphony was “mature in every sense, beautifully proportioned, eloquent, restrained, and affecting.” This performance with the New York Philharmonic under Leonard Bernstein was recorded at London’s Royal Albert Hall in 1976.