Emmerich Kálman (1882-1953) ranks next to Franz Lehár as one of the leading representatives of the “Silver Era” of the operetta, which was stamped above all by the works of the Austro-Hungarian cultural sphere, and which followed the classical period of the Viennese operetta. Kálmán’s “Herbstmanöver”, premiered at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna in 1908, immediately confirmed the young composer’s talent for this genre. The roots of the phenomenal originality of his melodies lie in his love of Hungarian gypsy music and his natural affinity for the Viennese waltz tradition, which characterize such musically original, international successes as the operettas “The Czardas Princess” (1915) and “Countess Maritza” (1924). Kálmán emigrated to America in 1939 but returned to Europe after the War and died in Paris on 30 October 1953. Beginning in the 1920s, he increasingly incorporated elements of modern dance music into his stage works. Particularly worthy of mention among his other successful works are “Die Bajadere” (1921), “The Circus Princess” (1926) and “Das Veilchen vom Montmartre” (1930).
Madama Butterfly
Director Jean-Pierre Ponnelle (1932-1988) has been called “a weaver of magic, a curator of the sublime, a master choreographer, a footlose farceur” (The Wall Street Journal). One of the most imaginative director- designers of our times, Ponnelle was also the first significant opera director to have a large portion of his work preserved on film. In his chilling and poignant account of “Madama Butterfly”, he tried to use all the typical resources of film such as flashbacks, slow motion and “inner monologues”, where the singers do not move their lips to sing. Under the direction of Herbert von Karajan, the stellar cast includes Mirella Freni, Placido Domingo and Christa Ludwig.
Siegfried
It began with a scandal, became the object of heated discussions, turned into a sensational success and finally blossomed into a legendary, standard setting production: Pierre Boulez’ and Patrice Chéreau’s epoch-making “Ring” cycle in Bayreuth, the “Centennial Ring”. When the production was premiered in 1976, there were brawls in the venerable Festspielhaus, with the audience divided into one mob roaring in favor and one screaming against. The main reason for the protests was Chéreau, who set the work in the time in which it was written and focused on the all-too-human passions that motivate gods and men alike. The grimy industrial era with its robber barons and suffering masses supplied the ideological underpinnings of Chéreau’s concept. Musical conservatives felt betrayed and cheapened by this association. The tide began to turn in 1977. Certain features were altered and the production began to have a more homogeneous feel. Finally, in 1980, its last year, the Ring concluded with a 90-minute ovation and 110 curtain calls. By the time Philips released the complete recording of this production in 1992, its legendary status had already begun to take shape: “Patrice Chéreau and Pierre Boulez not only wrote a major new chapter in Wagner interpretation with their Ring, but also carried out a revolution that affected all of musical theater. Since then, no production of the Ring has been able to come near to the concept put forward by Chéreau and Boulez.” (FonoForum) Unitel’s production, the first complete recording on film of Wagner’s Ring, marked the beginning of Unitel’s exclusive association with the Bayreuth Festival.
Mozart, Requiem K. 626
The Requiem is not only Mozart’s last composition, but also the one most shrouded in mystery. The purportedly enigmatic patron who ordered the work and the fatal illness that befell Mozart while he was working on it long nurtured the macabre legend of Mozart composing his own Requiem mass commissioned by Death himself. The Requiem was completed by Mozart’s friend and pupil Franz Saver Süssmayr on the basis of Mozart’s sketches and instructions. The somber woodwinds and brass, the artless melodies and the stirring shifts from intricate contrapuntal writing to mighty homophonic blocks convey an otherworldly, apocalyptic feeling seldom encountered in Mozart’s works. Despite its almost operatic solo passages and large orchestra, the Requiem was intended for the church, and is indeed an ideal work for the theatrically sumptuous and brilliant Baroque churches of Austria and southern Germany. The abbey church in Diessen (Bavaria) is a splendid example: completely rebuilt in the early 18th century by one of the leading South-German Baroque architects, it provides an admirable setting for Leonard Bernstein’s sensitive conducting of the Requiem. This production, which the Maestro dedicated to his wife Felicia Montealegre on the tenth anniversary of her death, is a moving and memorable tribute to commemorate Mozart’s and others’ deaths.
Der Fliegende Holländer (The Flying Dutchman)
Schumann, Cello Concerto in A minor, op.129
Recorded at the Théâtre des Champs-Elysées in Paris in November 1976, Schumann’s Cello Concerto marked the high point of a concert given by the Orchestre National de France under Leonard Bernstein. The soloist was Mstislav Rostropovich, the leading cellist of our time and a talented conductor as well.
Tosca
Filmed in the authentic Roman locations specified in the score, this “Tosca” absolutely pulsates with tension and excitement. The first act was shot in the splendid Baroque church of Sant’Andrea della Valle. The second act was filmed in papal apartments in the Castel Sant’Angelo resembling those in the Palazzo Farnese, which is now the French Embassy and off- limits to film teams. The final act was filmed on the banks of the Tiber and on the ramparts of the ancient Castel Sant’Angelo. Raina Kabaivanska is a memorable Tosca, restless, jealously provocative and powerfully determined. With Plácido Domingo’s heroically passionate portrayal of Cavaradossi and Sherrill Milnes’ ruthless and eruptively sensual Scarpia, this “Tosca” is a winner.
Wiener Blut
Johann Strauss Jr., known as the “Waltz King”, surpasses all other composers in the history of the operetta with regards to musical inventiveness. With the sparkling temperament and winning charm characteristic of his works, this genial musician brought world fame to the Viennese waltz and made spectacular contributions to the field of operetta. “Vienna Blood” was Strauss’s last work, which he left incomplete at his death. However, thanks to Adolf Müller’s brilliant arrangement, this work has become a fully accepted Strauss operetta, inspired by the brightest of Vienna-waltz spirits and delighting anew at every performance through its wealth of captivating melodies.
Salome
With his TV “Salome” production, Götz Friedrich has created a compelling transposition of Oscar Wilde’s text and Richard Strauss’s music. The palace courtyard becomes a world of its own, faces turn into landscapes of conflicting emotions, and passions into overwhelming obsessions. With filmic means, Friedrich draws the viewer’s attention to the seductive fascination of evil. In the title role, Teresa Stratas is impressively convincing as the young and sensual princess, but she is equally impressive as a singer and actress. Karl Böhm conducts the Vienna Philharmonic with a verve and dramatic impetus that fit seamlessly into the action.
Carmen
If Herbert von Karajan continues to be a looming presence in today’s classical music world, then it is not only because of his more than 800 records and CDs, but also because of the many hours of video recordings which he produced over the course of many years. He began preserving his performances on film back in 1965 with ‘La Bohème’. His ‘Carmen’ is based on his 1966 production for the Salzburg Festival with Grace Bumbry – one of the greatest interpreters of the title role in our time –, Jon Vickers, Mirella Freni and Justino Diaz in the lead roles.