Beethoven, Symphony No.1 in C major, op.21

First performed at the Hofburg Theater in Vienna in 1800, the First Symphony is sometimes labeled a “fitting farewell to the 18th century”. Composed when Beethoven was 29 and already a well-known pianist and gifted composer of keyboard and chamber works, this symphony is still very much in the classical style of Haydn and Mozart, following the structure of 18th-century symphonic music. Yet its classical form is little more than a disguise; for beneath the surface, one perceives the strength and drive of a revolutionary artistic spirit. Sir Georg Solti (1912-1997), one of the greatest conductors of the 20th century, was a testament to the elegance and impeccable tastefulness of Central European music-making. Born in Budapest in 1912, he studied with Béla Bartók, Ernö von Dohnányi, Zoltán Kodály and Leo Weiner. In 1937, Toscanini chose him to be his assistant at the Salzburg Festival. After the war, Solti was appointed Music Director of the Bavarian State Opera. Further stations in his career were the Frankfurt Opera, the Royal Opera House Covent Garden and the London Philharmonic. His remarkable partnership with the Chicago Symphony began in 1954; he was named Music Director in 1969 and held this post for a phenomenal 22 years. He is credited with greatly extending and enhancing the orchestra’s worldwide reputation. Solti died in September 1997, just before his 85th birthday. This recording with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra was made at London’s Royal Albert Hall in 1978.

Schumann, Symphony No.4 in D minor, op.120

Following the cycles of orchestral works by Mahler, Beethoven and Brahms, Unitel chose to honor Robert Schumann in 1984/85 with this cycle performed by the Vienna Philharmonic under Leonard Bernstein. Schumann’s orchestral works are firmly established in the repertoire of the Vienna Philharmonic. The glowing, romantic sound of this orchestra and Leonard Bernstein’s expressive interpretation complement each other in an ideal way to produce a perfect rendering of Schumann’s symphonic oeuvre. Schumann’s four symphonies, his piano concerto, the violoncello concerto and the Manfred Overture have been filmed and recorded in the “Golden Hall” of the Vienna Musikverein, held to rank acoustically among the world’s best halls. The soloists are Justus Frantz, piano, and the cellist Misha Maisky.

Beethoven, Symphony No.7 in A major, op.92

When, in the mid 1960s, Herbert von Karajan decided to record on film all nine Beethoven symphonies with the Berlin Philharmonic, he began with the “Fifth” and asked the famous French movie director Henri-Georges Clouzot (Quai des Orfèvres) to direct. Recognizing in the music-loving director a kindred soul and master of the symbolic image, Karajan found an inspired partner. In another of Karajan’s first efforts, he asked six directors to “stage” one movement each of a Beethoven symphony. For a full week, the directors had the Berlin Philharmonic and Herbert von Karajan – all in full dress – at their disposal, with all the 35mm film, cameras, lighting and technical assistance they needed. Karajan’s most controversial production was Hugo Niebeling’s highly personal interpretation of the “Pastorale”, with its abstract shots of instruments, rapid rhythms, fade-ins and symbolically arranged colors. Some critics raved: “This music film could have been made by Antonioni, Fellini or Godard.” Karajan pursued his plan with tenacity, and the result is a milestone in the history of music on film: all nine Beethoven symphonies recorded at the peak of Karajan’s powers, unified by the performers but varied through the artistic vision of different directors.

Giulio Cesare in Egitto

Born in Halle an der Saale in 1685, George Frideric Handel became the court music director of Prince Elector Georg Ludwig in Hanover in 1710. When his master was crowned King George I of England, Handel moved to London and remained there until his death in 1759. Handel wrote more than 30 operas there and was an initiator of the Royal Academy of Music, founded in 1720, which pursued the goal of popularizing Italian opera in London. “Giulio Cesare in Egitto” is Handel’s fifth work for this institution and was given its first performance with resounding success in 1724 at the theater on the Haymarket. After Handel’s death, “Julius Caesar” fell into oblivion like his other operas, but was rediscovered in the 20th century through several successful and often unconventional stagings. Next to “Serse,” it is now considered as the most popular Handel opera of our time. For some, Peter Sellars is an enfant terrible of the opera; for others, the most imaginative of directors, who takes unconventional paths in his work. What distinguishes his stagings from the often belabored modernizations of other directors is that he brings out the timelessness and topicality of the works with convincing naturalness.

Debussy, La Mer

The Philadelphia Orchestra was founded in 1900. Eugene Ormandy (1899-1985) stood at its head as principal conductor from 1936 to 1980. Continuing the work of his predecessor Leopold Stokowski, he turned the orchestra into one of the leading ensembles not only of the United States, but of the world. Under his direction, the orchestra became renowned in particular for its performances of late romantic and early 20th-century music.

Beethoven, Coriolan Overture, op.62

At the request of the writer Heinrich Joseph von Collin, Beethoven composed an overture to Collin’s tragedy in five acts Coriolanus (1802) in the spring of 1807. It was given its first performance in March 1807 in Prince Lobkowitz’s palace in Vienna. Although Beethoven’s music did not bring about the hoped-for stage revival of Collin’s tragedy, the Overture made its breakthrough as an independent concert piece. A dramatic work that owes its somber quality to Collin’s tragedy, it came to be favored for solemn occasions. Bernstein’s impassioned renderings of Beethoven move audiences in a unique way. “Beethoven has always meant universality to me, ever since my early adolescence, when I first heard that unforgettable cry of ‘Brüder!’. From that moment on, every… symphony came to mean heart-to-heart communication, traveling satellite-fashion via the cosmos itself. I offer [this cycle] to all music-loving ears as a testament of faith and of my most profound reactions to this greatest of all composers.” (Leonard Bernstein, 1980)

Beethoven, Symphony No.4 in B flat major, op.60

Carlos Kleiber’s all too rare concert appearances are always musical occasions to cherish and remember. The vitality and precision of his authoritative gestures never fail to generate excitement and inspire playing of great élan from orchestras throughout the world. When Carlos Kleiber conducts the Concertgebouworkest of Amsterdam in Beethoven, one can expect a performance of intense musical concentration and exceptional expressive power. Carlos Kleiber made this recording with the Dutch orchestra in 1983, conducting Beethoven’s Fourth and Seventh Symphonies. The mesmeric command of this elusive conductor over his musicians is fascinating. With none of the excessive glamor of the star performer, Carlos Kleiber, with meticulous care for detail, creates clear instrumental textures, compelling rhythmic designs and magical moments of fine repose. This is spell-binding music-making. This is vintage Carlos Kleiber.

Beethoven, Symphony No.2 in D major, op.36

The symphonies are part of the complete cycle of Beethoven symphonic and choral works featuring the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra and the Concertgebouw Orchestra of Amsterdam conducted by Leonard Bernstein. All the works were recorded live in Vienna: Unitel produced the video recordings and Deutsche Grammophon released the

soundtracks in a special edition. The series won the Ace Award, the National (U.S.) Cable TV Association’s top award for outstanding quality and entertainment value.